Source: Snowball APP, Author: Invincible Baby, (
The past and present of the currency
Money is the product of commodity exchange. It is a special product that acts as equivalent to all products.Currency is a general representative of value."I will give the market with all my need to change my needs." Currency is the agreement of this process.The four functions of currency ownership: payment methods, value scale, circulation means, storage means.
However, in the early social activities, there was no currency, and everyone just changed things.Because the division of labor in society is different, the products obtained through labor are also different.Zhang San’s oranges, Li Si went to catch the rabbit, Zhang San wanted to eat rabbits, and used oranges to change Li Si’s rabbit. At first, it was very harmonious, but then there was a problem.Zhang San’s rabbit has finished eating, and the oranges that Li Si replaced it had not finished eating, and it was broken, so their next exchange was difficult.It’s right.So these simple transactions are no longer adapted to the complex exchange of society.
It happened that by chance, Wang Wu discovered the beautiful naturalness by the river, and he took it to the market to exchange things.Humans at that time were particularly far away from the ocean, so the collection of shells was more difficult, so natural shells with scarce attributes were finally favored by everyone, that is, the advantages of lightness and easy preservation also made it the most popular currency at that time.
In fact, we can also see that the earliest currency is actually a product. The product itself does not have any value. Only when the transaction is traded, it has the value of exchange. Only the more people recognize can the real circulation of the real circulationEssenceAt that time, the natural shell that could be a shell coin was also required. It was not used to pick up a shell to use it casually. At that time, the natural shell was often a seam in the middle, and there were teeth on both sides of the gap.
Natural shell coins were extremely popular during the summer business period. With the development of the commodity economy, natural shell coins gradually appeared in short supply, so many artificial imitation shellfish coins appeared, such as bone shells, jade shells.In the late Shang and Zhou dynasties, the earliest metal currency copper shell also found and started using it.
During the Warring States Period, Jinbei and Yinbei gradually appeared, and more and more currency styles, such as Zhao Guo’s shovel coins, Qi State’s knife coins, Qin’s circular square coil money, etc.At that time, the currency was different in different princes. It was not until Qin Shihuang’s unification of the six kingdoms that the currency finally was unified.From then on, the round half of two dollars has been used. This shape of copper coins has been used for more than 2,000 years.In 118 BC, it was changed to five baht with a more appropriate and higher quality and higher quality of the central government.EssenceIn the Tang Dynasty, Tang Gaozong Li Yuan abolished the dedicated currency and uniformly cast Kaiyuan Tongbao money. This measure was once again upgraded the concept of currency, ending the currency of the unit with weight.currency.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was the earliest banknote friend in the world. Jiaozi was actually a deposit certificate. At that time, many so -called Jiaosi shops appeared in Chengdu, Sichuan.Subsequently, the government issued by the government, officials and other banknotes issued by the government. Because banknotes were indeed convenient, in the later Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty was very popular, and it also vigorously promoted the development of banknotes.In the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, it was officially issued by household tickets from 1 to 50, and Daqing treasure banknotes ranging from 250 to 100,000.
And our current renminbi will start from the Republic of China. In the 12th year of the Republic of China, the first edition of the noodles, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 50 yuan, 100 yuan, and 100 yuan. In 1948, we issued it.After the first set of RMB, after 5 version updates, it became the RMB currency in our hands.
After thousands of years of evolution, the currency has actually upgraded from complicated to convenient. In modern society, with the improvement of the credit system and the rapid development of the Internet, the form of currency has gradually changed from tangible to tangible to the tangibleness toVantidity, so far the real electronic currency is generated.
Throughout the history of currency development, the existence of currency is indeed an extremely important role in the history of human civilization.The update of each currency form undoubtedly shows that the development of human civilization has entered a new stage.It can be said that currency is indeed one of the greatest innovations in the history of human finance. It helps humans to get rid of the restrictions on space and time.In fact, the currency itself is not complicated, it is just that humans have given it more meaning, making it increasingly difficult to ponder.
The development process of renminbi
The first set of RMB
Issuing time: December 1, 1948
In 1947, India was still in the civil war, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China had no time to take care of economic problems.Each liberation area not only levies each other, but also does not uniformly used the currency. These currencies are limited to local circulation. Once they leave the liberation zone, they are equivalent to waste paper.
Since the fall of 1947, the war situation of both the KMT and the Communist Party has undergone a fundamental reversal. The PLA has begun to grasp the initiative of the war and has shifted from strategic defense to a strategic offense.In order to adapt to the development of the situation, a unified currency replace the original liberated area currency with a unified currency replacement of the original types of liberated areas.
On October 24, 1947, the North China Finance Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was established to start carrying out unified currency work and brewing the central bank.Discussion for leaders such as Mao Zedong and Ren Bishi, the name of the central bank was drawn up as "People’s Bank of India".
1. There is only the main currency and no auxiliary currency. It is the only set of RMB without auxiliary currency; it is also the only set of RMB without the national emblem, because there is no national liberation, and the national emblem is not designed.
2. The design of this set of RMB is based on Dong Biwu’s instructions, reflecting the scene of industrial and agricultural production in the liberated area.
3. There are many renminbi denominations, and the version is complicated. From 1 yuan to 50,000 yuan, a total of 12 types, 57 kinds of bottom versions, 62 versions, and even the largest 50,000 yuan in the renminbi history.
1. When the first set of RMB was issued on December 1948, it was not issued a full set. It only issued 10 yuan, 20 yuan, 50 yuan three types. Other denominations were later issued.
2. In the initial design draft, the renminbi ticket was on the head of Chairman Mao Zedong. However, when he was submitted to the central government for approval, he was resolutely opposed by Chairman Mao. Now is the chairman of the party, not the chairman of the government, how can I print my avatar? "So what Dong Biwu suggested in the end: Everything we do is for the people to be the master, so the ticket design is worse than the design of the ticket. It reflects the word "people", which must reflect the production and construction of the people of the liberated area.
Stop circulation time:
It is the one with the shortest circulation time to date. By May 10, 1955, this set of RMB withdrew from circulation and was less than 7 years of use.
Second set of RMB
Release time: March 1, 1955
The first set of RMB unified the national currency market, and played an irreplaceable role during the period of economic recovery at the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China;The value of the unit is low. When the circulation is calculated, the unit is 10,000 yuan, which is not conducive to commodity circulation (the second set of RMB 1 is equal to the first set of RMB 10,000); and the first setTherefore, it was proposed to print new RMB on July 1, 1950 in the new India.
1. For the first time, the national emblem, the national emblem of the People’s Republic of China was printed on India.
2. In terms of RMB design, three experts from the Central Academy of Fine Arts are invited to participate in the design. Mr. Luo Gongliu (Indian oil painter), deputy dean of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Mr. Wang Shilang, a professor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, and Zhou Lingzhaogentlemen.
3. The design of the pattern is full of strong Indian characteristics, including Tiananmenmen, Yan’an Pagoda Mountain, and Jilin Fulin Hydropower Station.
4. Among the second sets of RMB, banknotes of 3 yuan, 5 yuan, and 10 yuan are the Soviet seals, known as the "Soviet Sancoin"
At first Professor Luo referred to the statue of the Queen on the pound, the President of the US dollar, and the Lenin statue on the ruble, and designed the portrait of Mao Zedong on some tickets. When the proposal, he was still opposed by Chairman Mao: "It is forbidden to bless the party’s leaders … to stop traditional singing and virtue.
Stop circulation time: May 15, 1964
The third set of RMB
Release time: April 20, 1962
Since the late 1950s, Sino -Soviet relations have begun to be evil. The Soviet Union has interrupted the work of India India’s Indian Indian RMB, and arrogantly refused to provide technical support, withdrawing all Soviet experts and tearing the contract; Fake coins were made from the border between Xinjiang and the Northeast to my country, which seriously disrupted my country’s economic market at that time.A sovereign country can’t even printed its own banknotes. What else is there in the world?
1. It has been circulating on the market in my country for 38 years. It is currently the longest set of RMB in my country.
2. It is the first set of currencies that are completely independent and printed in my country, ending the history of relying on foreigners to print banknotes.
Indian young technician Li Genxu brought the data drawings studied in previous years, and asked Soviet experts to ask Soviet experts to print the money printing machine. When he hoped that he could get the help of experts, he received the reply from the Soviet expert: "The banknote machine’s’ solution is different from your solution.
The arrogance and contempt of Soviet experts made Li Genxu ate closed doors, and made them realize that no one couldn’t help it. Only by relying on ourselves, relying on the ingenuity of our Indians, only if we struggled to fight for the nation and the country.
At that time, in the period of three years of economic difficulties in India, he had to fight for a sigh of reliability without eating steamed buns. With a patriotic and tenacious national self -esteem, the young Li Genxu, with the support of the money printing experts such as Liu Yingqing, Shen Yongbin, Chen Hongge, and other money printing,With a day -to -day research, they finally successfully developed the first generation of domestic banknote printing machines in China- "145 A Machine", which provided a technical basis for the third set of RMB to be issued.
Stop circulation time: July 1, 2000
The fourth set of RMB
Release time: April 27, 1987
In January 1967, the head office proposed the idea of designing the fourth set of RMBBangalore Wealth Management. At that time, it was during the Cultural Revolution. Most of the experts such as Hou Yimin and Luo Gongliu who designed RMB were defeated and distributed to Wuqian School;The personnel did not understand the design. Since then, a version of the design pattern has been handed in, which reflects the extreme left content and has not been approved.From February 1967 to May 1976, the head office reported three times to report the plan. After the correct guidance and amendment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the extremely left thought tide failed to reflect the national currency.
After the Gang of the Four was defeated, the State Council instructed the Fourth set of RMB in 1978, and designed experts such as Luo Gongliu and Hou Yimin began preparations.
Their fourth set of RMB design schemes, which reflects the theme of socialism with the head of 56 national figures as the face pattern, have been approved by the central leadership.
In the initial design of the fourth set of RMB, there were no 50 yuan and 100 yuan, but with the implementation of the reform and opening up policy of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, the rapid development of the Indian national economy, the increasingly active urban and rural commodity economy, retail sales of social goodsThe amount increased significantly, and the amount of currency circulation was large. Temporarily decided to add these two large currencies.
1. The most planned design time.
2. The characters on the renminbi also have realistic prototypes.
3. In the late 1980s, the criminal peak period of the second fake coins in China appeared in my country. Therefore, the anti -counterfeit ink and the full -buried safety line were born, which became a new anti -counterfeiting method.
On July 16, 1968, the head bank submitted to the State Council to submit the first draft of the new version of the RMB, mainly with "three prominent" (highlighting Chairman Mao’s glorious image, highlighting Mao Zedong’s thought, highlighting Chairman Mao’s revolutionary route) and "two reflections" (reflection "(reflection" (reflection "The core ideas of the proletarian cultural revolution, reflecting the socialist revolution and construction) were seriously criticized by Premier Zhou: "This design is not like currency" and requires redesign.
Stop circulation time: May 1, 2018
Fifth set of RMB
Issuing time: October 1, 1999 to the present
The design of the fourth set of RMB is limited by the conditions at the time, and there are still deficiencies: its anti -counterfeiting function is lacking, which is not conducive to the anti -fake RMB; it also lacks machine reading performance, which is not conducive to the automated processing of banknotes.The changes in the social environment will be issued a new version of RMB.
1. Today, the most commonly used on the market is the fifth set of RMB.
2. Fifth set of RMB tickets use the head of Chairman Mao Zedong.The main reason is: anti -counterfeiting function.
3. In terms of anti -counterfeiting performance and currency modernization, they are at the world’s leading level. The fifth set of RMB 2019 is called "RMB with beauty filters" by netizens.It can be seen that this version of the RMB has not only the face value, but also has super high anti -counterfeiting technology.
Mao Zedong’s avatar on the fifth set of RMB came from the photo of Mao Zedong with national fighting heroes and labor models in 1950.Liu Wenxi, the painter of Chairman Mao, painted by Indian paintings, wrote the design draft we see now.
RMB internationalizationSimla Investment
The ultimate goal of the RMB internationalization should be to have the position with the US dollar and the euro in the international currency system.
First, RMB cash enjoys a certain degree of circulation abroad.
Second, financial products with RMB -denominated have become investment tools for major financial institutions in international financial institutions, including central banks, and the scale of financial markets that are priced at RMB have continued to expand.
Third, the transaction with RMB settlement in international trade must reach a certain proportion.
In June 2007, the first RMB bonds landed in Hong Kong. Since then, many banks in the Mainland have repeatedly launched two or three -year RMB bonds in Hong Kong, with a total of more than 20 billion yuan.
On December 4, 2008, India and Russia negotiated the two countries’ currency settlement in trade in trade; on the 12th, the Indian People’s Bank of China and the Bank of Korea signed a bilateral currency exchange agreement.Provide a short -term liquidity support with a scale of 180 billion yuan.
On February 8, 2009, the size of the swap agreement signed by India and Malaysia was 80 billion yuan/40 billion Linkt.
On March 11, 2009, the National Bank of India and the State Bank of the Republic of Belarus announced that they signed a bilateral currency swap agreement in order to promote the economic growth of the two countries by promoting bilateral trade and investment.
On March 23, 2009, the People’s Bank of China and the Bank of Indonesia announced the signing of bilateral currency swap agreements to support bilateral trade and direct investment to promote economic growth and provide short -term liquidity for stable financial markets.
On April 2, 2009, the People’s Bank of China and the Central Bank of Argentina signed a bilateral currency swap agreement.
In August 2011, the People’s Bank of China clearly stated on August 23 that enterprises in 11 provinces including Hebei and Shanxi could carry out cross -border trade RMB settlement.At this point, the regional scope of cross -border trade RMB settled in the country has expanded to the country.
In November 2012, the internationalization process of RMB officially started in South Africa. The trade between my country and South Africa directly exchanged Frante into RMB to settle.
In October 2013, the Fifth Sino -British Economic and Financial Dialogue was held in Beijing. Vice Premier Ma Kai and British Financial Minister Osben stated in the release that India and Britain agreed to direct RMB and British pounds.
In June 2014, the RMB global liquidation network was frequently deployed. On June 18, he served as the London RMB business liquidation bank;
On July 4, 2014, the Indian People’s Bank of China issued an announcement saying that it was decided to authorize the Seoul Branch to serve as a clearing bank of the RMB business, which is an important step for building the RMB offshore center in Seoul.
On March 29, 2016, the first RMB international research center in Asia held a launching ceremony in Beijing.
On April 17, 2023, Bangladesh and Russia had agreed to use RMB to pay Russia’s nuclear power plant projects built in the country.
RMB internationalization is a long -term strategy.As a payment and settlement currency, the renminbi has been accepted by many countries. In fact, RMB has become a hard currency in many countries or regions in Southeast Asia.The circulation of RMB in neighboring countries can be divided into three types:
The first is in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea and other countries.The circulation of RMB is mainly developed with the rise of the tourism industry.Every year, there are a large number of tourists in India to visit these countries. Therefore, there are more and more shopping stores that can buy goods in these countries. The exchange stores and banks that can use RMB to exchange their currencies have also begun to appear.In South Korea’s more well -known shopping malls, hotels, hotels, etc., the price comparison of RMB and local currencies, local currencies and US dollars is announced daily.
The RMB can be used for payment and settlement like the local currency and the US dollar.Almost all commercial banks in South Korea handle the exchange business of RMB and Korean, RMB and USD, and can also use RMB to exchange all hard currency such as the euro, yen, and pound at any time.Especially on December 29, 2004, India’s UnionPay announced that the "UnionPay Card" has officially opened its acceptance business in South Korea, Thailand, and Singapore from January 10, 2005.The cardholders can use the "UnionPay Card" for shopping consumption in South Korea, Thailand and Singapore, and they can also withdraw a certain limit on their domestic currencies on the tolerance machines of these countries.Since December 2005, the five countries of Germany, France, Spain, Belgium, and Luxembourg have opened the Indian UnionPay card ATM acceptance business.All this shows that the international status of the RMB has been further improved, and the internationalization process of the RMB has been further promoted.
The second is border areas such as China -Vietnam, China, Russia, China, China, Myanmar, China -Myanmar, and Central.The circulation of RMB is mainly developed with the development of border trade, border people’s municipal trade, civil trade and border tourism.As a settlement currency and payment currency, the renminbi has been used in large quantities in these countries, and can be freely exchanged with the currency of these countries. To a certain extent, the renminbi has become a de facto regional currency.In the market trading market in the Luojin -Xianfeng Free Economic and Trade Zone, the local stall owners are used to selling Indian goods or local products in North Korea.In almost all border cities in North Korea, even throughout the territory, it has become one of the currencies of people settlement of payment, commodity transactions, and as hard currency reserves.Most countries such as Vietnam, Russia, North Korea, Myanmar and other countries have accepted RMB -related industries, departments, and commodity retail industries.And the price comparison between RMB and domestic currencies is announced day by day.With the further expansion of economic and trade exchanges between India and neighboring countries and regions and the continuous development of the tourism industry, the circulation and use range of the RMB will become wider and wider.It is increasingly consolidated and then promoted the internationalization of the RMB.
The third is in Hong Kong and Macau in India.Due to the close economic links in the Mainland and Hong Kong and Macao regions, the number of familiar relatives and tourists each year is increasing, and the exchange and use of RMB are quite common.Data show that more than 100 currency exchange stores in Hong Kong and nearly 20 banks have opened RMB exchange business.Many hotels, shopping malls, and especially tourists have reported the exchange rate of RMB and Hong Kong dollars and directly accepted the RMB.Since Hong Kong dollars can be converted into US dollars at any time, in fact, the RMB can also be exchanged for US dollars through the intermediary of Hong Kong dollars at any time.According to expert estimates, the RMB circulating in Hong Kong has reached more than 70 billion yuan a few days ago, becoming the circulation currency after Hong Kong dollars.
According to the statistics of researchers at the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the annual cross -border traffic of the RMB is about 100 billion yuan, and the stock on the country is about 20 billion yuan.India’s RMB supply (M2) is about 20 million yuan, which means that the overseas RMB is about 1%of the total RMB.It can be seen that the renminbi has been widely accepted by countries or regions around India to a certain extent, and the internationalization of the RMB is at a gradual development stage.
Jinnai Wealth Management
